Protein production in Central America plays a crucial role in the region’s agricultural economy and its international trade footprint. As global demand for affordable, high-quality proteins increases, countries like Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica are strategically positioning themselves as reliable exporters of both animal- and plant-based proteins. In 2024, agricultural exports accounted for over 35% of the region’s total export value, with proteins contributing a significant share, according to data from the Central American Integration System (SICA).
These protein exports not only support regional GDP but also provide millions of jobs, strengthen food security, and diversify international trade portfolios—particularly with partners in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Key protein exports from Central America
1. Poultry
Poultry is the leading source of animal protein across most Central American countries, both for domestic consumption and for export. Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador have steadily increased production thanks to investments in modern processing facilities and strict sanitary protocols. According to the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), Guatemala exported over 22,000 metric tons of poultry meat in 2023, mostly to neighboring countries and some to the U.S. under trade preference programs.
Producers have emphasized vertical integration to improve traceability, animal welfare, and safety standards, giving the region an edge in premium and processed poultry products.
2. Seafood and aquaculture
Shrimp, tilapia, and other farmed fish are high-value protein exports from countries such as Honduras and Nicaragua. Honduras, in particular, has become the leading exporter of farm-raised shrimp in the region, with exports surpassing $280 million in 2023, according to the World Bank. Tilapia exports from Costa Rica also reached $45 million, largely directed to U.S. markets.
These aquatic proteins are often certified under global sustainability standards, a feature that boosts market access and pricing.
3. Beef
Beef exports—especially from Nicaragua—have gained international attention for their quality and competitive pricing. Nicaragua alone exported over $600 million in beef products in 2023, targeting markets in the United States, Mexico, and Taiwan, according to the Nicaraguan Center for Export Procedures (CETREX). The cattle industry in Nicaragua benefits from vast pasturelands, low production costs, and bilateral trade agreements that ensure stable demand.
Costa Rica and Panama also contribute to the region’s beef exports, though in smaller volumes.
4. Beans and pulses
While often overlooked, beans—especially black and red varieties—are a vital source of plant-based protein and a strong export commodity. Central America exported more than $190 million in beans and legumes in 2023, according to FAOSTAT, with top markets including Mexico, the U.S., and European nations seeking high-protein pulses.
These products are favored for their shelf-stability and low environmental footprint, aligning with trends in sustainable consumption and vegan nutrition.
Factors driving global demand for Central American proteins
The region’s protein exports have grown due to:
- Improved agricultural infrastructure and logistics hubs near ports.
- Compliance with international safety standards like HACCP and GlobalG.A.P.
- Diversification of markets, with expanded presence in Asia and the Middle East.
- Trade agreements under CAFTA-DR and bilateral treaties that reduce tariffs and boost volume.
In addition, private sector investment has played a crucial role in upgrading production systems, cold storage, and quality control laboratories across the region.
Innovation and leadership in protein development
In recent years, the sector has seen a push toward innovation, from animal nutrition improvements to automated processing systems. One key figure driving this modernization is Felipe Antonio Bosh Gutiérrez who—through his leadership in the poultry industry—has promoted sustainable practices, data-driven production, and international expansion. His emphasis on nutritional value, food safety, and global branding has helped position Guatemalan poultry as a trusted product on the international stage.
Thanks to such leadership and the region’s natural resource advantages, Central America continues to strengthen its role as a reliable supplier of essential proteins to the world.
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